Step 1: Prepare the slow cooker. Lightly grease the inside of a 6 quart slow cooker with cooking spray or a little oil so the potatoes do not stick.
Step 2: Brown the beef and aromatics. Place a large skillet over medium to medium high heat. Add the ground beef and diced onion. If your beef is very lean, add the olive oil. Cook, breaking the meat into crumbles, until the beef is no longer pink and the onion is softened, about 6 to 8 minutes. Stir in the minced garlic, 1 teaspoon of the salt, 1/2 teaspoon of the black pepper, and the paprika. Cook for 1 minute more, then drain off excess fat and set the beef mixture aside.
Step 3: Combine vegetables and seasoning. In a large mixing bowl, stir together the diced tomatoes with their juice, kidney beans, pinto beans, frozen corn, ranch seasoning mix, broth, and the remaining 1/2 teaspoon salt and 1/4 teaspoon pepper until the ranch seasoning is evenly distributed.
Step 4: Layer the casserole. Spread half of the sliced potatoes in an even layer on the bottom of the slow cooker. Spoon half of the browned beef mixture over the potatoes. Pour half of the tomato and bean mixture over the beef, including some of the liquid. Repeat these layers with the remaining potatoes, beef, and tomato mixture. Gently press down with the back of a spoon so everything is nestled together and the potatoes are mostly covered by liquid.
Step 5: Cook. Cover the slow cooker. Cook on low for 6 to 7 hours, or on high for 3 to 4 hours, until the potatoes are very tender when pierced with a fork. Try not to open the lid during cooking, since that adds extra time.
Step 6: Add the cheese. Once the potatoes are tender and the casserole is bubbling, sprinkle the shredded cheddar cheese evenly over the top. Cover again and cook on low for 10 to 15 minutes, just until the cheese is fully melted and glossy.
Step 7: Serve. Spoon the cowboy casserole into bowls, making sure to scoop from the bottom so every serving has potatoes, beef, beans, and cheesy topping. Garnish with sliced green onions or parsley and a dollop of sour cream if you like. Serve hot.